(20) The definition of to possess ‘brother’, aha in BT, has actually as well become augmented, even though this means is also used in Turoyo. Hertevin have both ?aha and you can ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), however, Mandaic only has aha (Macuch 1965, 495).
As well, exterior NENA, we have most other words: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)
(21) One as an alternative mysterious items that is attested in most NENA dialects except Sanandaj Religious (and that probably merely a chance gap about evidence) was aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) contends that term comes on the sources ql ‘to end up being crooked’. The languages make use of the form aqla, but Koy Sanjaq aqla and you can Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.
(22) Other term discussed from the Krotkoff (1985, 131-thirty-two, 134) try baxta ‘woman’, that has supplanted the new Syriac atta throughout NENA, although not for the Turoyo or Mandaic. It phrase generally seems to result of Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It’s interesting to note you to definitely an irregular plural endures inside the several dialects: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you will Halabja inse.
(23) An urgent innovation talked about because of the Noldeke (1868, 59) was rxata, equal to Syriac rhat. The alteration off h in order to x inside one word is included in all NENA dialects where in fact the verb was attested. Examples: Sanandaj Christian raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi r-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).
(24) Another unanticipated advancement is the NENA verb ‘fear’, which takes the new models zda?a, zdaya, and you will zdala regarding various languages. Macuch and Panoussi (1974, 50) bring a possible derivation regarding Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Variations with the infixed d can be found in most the latest NENA dialects the spot where the options is attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-fearing (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)
Only a few of your own determining options that come with NENA can be found in either Turoyo or Mandaic
I believe the a lot more than makes it obvious your NENA languages express many unique traits which migliori app incontri sikh are discover neither in the previous attested kinds of Aramaic neither on most other life dialects. These characteristics variety across the domains away from phonology, morphology, additionally the lexicon.
Especially, all of the dialects out of NENA concur inside the criteria 2, 9, fourteen, 15, sixteen, 21, and you may twenty two. All languages in which i’ve suggestions and additionally agree with criteria 20, 23, and you will 24.
Just about Halabja consent from inside the standards 8 and you may eleven. Criterion 6 is located in all of the languages but Halabja, Hertevin, and you will Sanandaj Religious.
Even after the internal departments, the NENA languages setting an amazingly defined group, separated clearly off both Turoyo and you may Mandaic. The positioning of them dialects outside of the NENA pale may be out of concern.
The amount that has actually is actually common across the NENA is very unbelievable as soon as we check out the tremendous differences when considering the various languages. The dictate out of most other languages into NENA has been both deep and you will broad, and amount of common intelligibility anywhere between dialects can be quite short. The countless shared designs dispute firmly to own a common source away from the newest NENA languages, either in just one dialect or even in a small grouping of closely relevant languages. At the same time, we could discern a handful of important packages off isoglosses which depict brand new boundaries out-of dialect communities.
a) The fresh dialect out of Halabja doesn’t display particular extremely important designs and this can be found owing to all of the rest of the languages. It doesn’t form a great CCiC-ce preterite of intransitive verbs (8), it has got no b(it)- coming marker (10), features no third people only 1 copula having 1 (11). This might be the absolute most important division anywhere between languages out-of NENA. It means your left dialects mode a team through which designs pass on if you find yourself Halabja remained unaffected because of the them.